BlockBeats News, October 20th, Ethereum founder Vitalik Buterin this morning published an article introducing the GKR protocol. GKR is a core protocol that enables fast proofs for ZK-EVM, zk-ML, and other applications, adapting to “multi-layer low-level processing + extensive repeated function application” computations (such as hashing, neural networks). It does not require commitment to intermediate layers, only to input and output, significantly improving efficiency. Through optimizations such as reducing sumcheck per round calculation (like Gruen’s trick) and Poseidon2 batch processing,
it is theoretically proven that the Poseidon hash overhead is only 15x (traditional STARKs are 100x), potentially dropping below 10x in practice, and the overhead approaches zero as the data volume increases.
